Hemisphere-neutral names are northward equinox for the March equinox, indicating that at that moment the solar declination is crossing the celestial equator in a northward direction, and southward equinox for the September equinox, indicating that at that moment the solar declination is crossing the celestial equator in a southward direction.ĭaylight is increasing on the vernal equinox and decreasing on the autumnal equinox.Įquinoxes on Earth General Leap years and other factors cause the dates of both events to vary slightly. During the year, equinoxes alternate with solstices.

In the Southern Hemisphere, the reverse is true. In the Northern Hemisphere, the March equinox is called the vernal or spring equinox while the September equinox is called the autumnal or fall equinox. As a consequence, according to a properly constructed and aligned sundial, the daytime duration is 12 hours. Long before conceiving this equality, primitive equatorial cultures noted the day when the Sun rises due east and sets due west, and indeed this happens on the day closest to the astronomically defined event. They are not exactly equal, however, because of the angular size of the Sun, atmospheric refraction, and the rapidly changing duration of the length of day that occurs at most latitudes around the equinoxes. On the day of an equinox, daytime and nighttime are of approximately equal duration all over the planet. The word is derived from the Latin aequinoctium, from aequus (equal) and nox ( genitive noctis) (night). The instants of the equinoxes are currently defined to be when the apparent geocentric longitude of the Sun is 0° and 180°.

In modern times, since the Moon (and to a lesser extent the planets) causes Earth's orbit to vary slightly from a perfect ellipse, the equinox is officially defined by the Sun's more regular ecliptic longitude rather than by its declination.

Equivalently, this is the moment when Earth's rotation axis is directly perpendicular to the Sun-Earth line, tilting neither toward nor away from the Sun. More precisely, an equinox is traditionally defined as the time when the plane of Earth's equator passes through the geometric center of the Sun's disk. This occurs twice each year, around 20 March and 23 September. On the day of the equinox, the Sun appears to rise 'due east' and set 'due west'. Equinoxes and solstices on Earth eventĪ solar equinox is a moment in time when the Sun crosses the Earth's equator, which is to say, appears directly above the equator, rather than north or south of the equator.

Earth planet space flat icons